Federal Resources
Proposal Writing Tips Sheet (NIH):
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/grant_tips.htm
A Guide for Proposal Writing (National Science Foundation):
http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2004/nsf04016/start.htm
Proposal and Award Policies and Procedures Guide (National Science Foundation)
https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/policydocs/pappg17_1/index.jsp
General Proposal Writing
Twenty Tips for Writing a Research Proposal (good, solid advice):
http://conservationbytes.com/2015/05/04/twenty-tips-for-writing-a-research-proposal/
Proposal Writing Short Course (The Foundation Center)
http://foundationcenter.org/getstarted/tutorials/shortcourse/index.html
Information on Developing Fellowship applications:
http://www.ssrc.org/fellowships/
Guide for Writing a Funding Proposal, by S.J. Levine (Michigan State University):
http://www.learnerassociates.net/proposal/
Starting Out
NIH Grants Assistance:
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/grants_process.htm
The Art of Grantmanship:
https://www.hfsp.org/node/5761
GrantsNet:
http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/funding